What is surface anatomy of the buttocks?

The buttocks are composed primarily of the gluteal muscles, which are responsible for hip movement and extension of the thigh. The three main muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.

The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the body and forms the bulk of the buttocks. It is responsible for hip extension, thigh abduction, and rotation of the hip joint.

The gluteus medius is located on the outer surface of the pelvis and is responsible for hip abduction and stabilization of the pelvis during walking and running.

The gluteus minimus is the smallest of the three gluteal muscles and is located beneath the gluteus medius. It is also involved in hip abduction and stabilization of the pelvis.

The buttocks are covered by a layer of subcutaneous fat, which varies in thickness between individuals. The skin over the buttocks is relatively thick and may be prone to dryness and cracking. The area is also prone to skin irritation and infections, particularly in individuals who sweat heavily or are overweight.